Here are some of the most important questions from Class 10 NCERT Science, chapter-wise, along with key points for revision:
Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations
Important Questions:
1. What is a chemical reaction? Give examples.
2. Explain different types of chemical reactions with examples.
3. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should equations be balanced?
4. What is oxidation and reduction? Give examples.
Key Points:
• Chemical changes lead to new substances.
• Types: Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement, Redox.
• Law of Conservation of Mass.
Chapter 2: Acids, Bases, and Salts
Important Questions:
1. What are acids and bases? Give examples.
2. Explain the pH scale. How is it useful?
3. What happens when acids react with metals, metal oxides, metal carbonates, and bases?
4. Describe the preparation and uses of common salts (NaCl, Bleaching Powder, Baking Soda).
Key Points:
• Acids: Sour, turn blue litmus red.
• Bases: Bitter, turn red litmus blue.
• pH: Below 7 (acidic), 7 (neutral), above 7 (basic).
• Neutralization reactions.
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals
Important Questions:
1. Explain the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals.
2. What is the reactivity series? Why is it important?
3. Explain corrosion and its prevention.
4. How are metals extracted from ores?
Key Points:
• Metals: Malleable, ductile, conduct electricity.
• Non-metals: Brittle, poor conductors.
• Ores → Extraction → Refining.
• Rusting of iron, galvanization.
Chapter 4: Carbon and Its Compounds
Important Questions:
1. Explain covalent bonding with examples.
2. What are saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
3. Describe the properties and uses of ethanol and ethanoic acid.
4. What are soaps and detergents? How do they work?
Key Points:
• Carbon forms covalent bonds.
• Alkanes (single bonds), Alkenes (double bonds), Alkynes (triple bonds).
• Ethanol: Alcoholic beverages, disinfectants.
• Ethanoic Acid: Vinegar.
• Soaps: Work in soft water, Detergents: Work in hard water.
Chapter 5: Periodic Classification of Elements
Important Questions:
1. What are the merits of Mendeleev’s periodic table?
2. How is the modern periodic table arranged?
3. Explain the trends in the modern periodic table (atomic size, valency, metallic/non-metallic properties).
Key Points:
• Mendeleev: Based on atomic mass.
• Modern: Based on atomic number.
• Left → Metals, Right → Non-metals.
Chapter 6: Life Processes
Important Questions:
1. What are life processes? Name them.
2. Explain the process of photosynthesis.
3. How does digestion occur in humans?
4. Describe the mechanism of respiration.
5. How does the human heart function?
Key Points:
• Nutrition: Autotrophic (Plants), Heterotrophic (Animals).
• Respiration: Aerobic (Oxygen) & Anaerobic (No Oxygen).
• Circulatory System: Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels.
Chapter 7: Control and Coordination
Important Questions:
1. Explain the human nervous system.
2. What is a reflex action? Give examples.
3. Explain the endocrine system and its hormones.
Key Points:
• Nervous System: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves.
• Reflex: Involuntary, fast response.
• Hormones: Growth, metabolism, reproduction.
Chapter 8: How do Organisms Reproduce?
Important Questions:
1. Explain different modes of asexual reproduction.
2. Describe the process of sexual reproduction in humans.
3. What is the role of DNA in reproduction?
Key Points:
• Asexual: Binary Fission, Budding, Fragmentation.
• Sexual: Male (Sperm) + Female (Egg) → Zygote.
Chapter 9: Heredity and Evolution
Important Questions:
1. What are Mendel’s laws of inheritance?
2. What is the difference between acquired and inherited traits?
3. How do fossils provide evidence for evolution?
Key Points:
• Traits pass from parents to offspring.
• Natural selection drives evolution.
Chapter 10: Light – Reflection and Refraction
Important Questions:
1. State the laws of reflection.
2. What is the mirror formula and lens formula?
3. Explain refraction through a glass slab.
4. Draw ray diagrams for concave and convex lenses and mirrors.
Key Points:
• Reflection: Bouncing back of light.
• Refraction: Bending of light.
• Concave: Converging, Convex: Diverging.
Chapter 11: The Human Eye and the Colourful World
Important Questions:
1. Explain the structure of the human eye.
2. What are myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia?
3. Why does dispersion of light occur?
Key Points:
• Lens focuses light on the retina.
• Myopia (Short-sightedness), Hypermetropia (Long-sightedness).
• Dispersion: White light splits into 7 colors.
Chapter 12: Electricity
Important Questions:
1. Define Ohm’s law.
2. What are resistors in series and parallel?
3. Explain heating effects of electric current.
Key Points:
• Ohm’s Law: V = IR.
• Resistance opposes current.
• More resistance → Less current flow.
Chapter 13: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Important Questions:
1. Explain the working of an electric motor.
2. What is electromagnetic induction?
3. How does a transformer work?
Key Points:
• Moving charges create magnetic fields.
• Right-hand rule for direction of force.
Chapter 14: Sources of Energy
Important Questions:
1. What are renewable and non-renewable sources of energy?
2. Explain the working of a solar cell and wind turbine.
Key Points:
• Renewable: Solar, Wind, Hydro.
• Non-renewable: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas.
Chapter 15: Our Environment
Important Questions:
1. What are food chains and food webs?
2. Explain the concept of biological magnification.
Key Points:
• Energy flow in ecosystems.
• More pollutants at higher levels of the food chain.
Chapter 16: Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
Important Questions:
1. Why should we conserve natural resources?
2. What are the 3Rs of waste management?
Key Points:
• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
• Conservation of forests, water, and fossil fuels.
These key questions and notes will help in revision and scoring well in Class 10 Science exams! Let me know if you need more details.
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