नीचे EMRS General English Notes (Part–1)
पूरे Notes को मैं 4 भागों में हर Topic को विस्तार से और Exam-oriented तरीके से कवर किया गया है।
यह Part–1 है:
Grammar की Foundation + Parts of Speech + Noun + Pronoun + Adjective
(हिंदी में आवश्यक जगहों पर स्पष्टीकरण दिया गया है)
🟦 EMRS GENERAL ENGLISH NOTES – PART 1
(With Hindi Explanation • Exam Focused • Detailed)
🔵 1. Introduction to EMRS General English
EMRS English Section मुख्यतः तीन भागों में विभाजित होता है:
✔ (A) Grammar
वाक्य की संरचना, नियम, error spotting, improvement, fill in the blanks आदि।
✔ (B) Vocabulary
Synonyms, Antonyms, One-word substitution, Idioms & Phrases, Phrasal verbs।
✔ (C) Comprehension
Passage पढ़कर प्रश्नों का उत्तर देना।
इसलिए इन तीनों भागों की मजबूत तैयारी आवश्यक है।
🟦 2. Parts of Speech (शब्द भेद)
English के किसी भी sentence में प्रयुक्त हर शब्द किसी न किसी Part of Speech से संबंधित होता है।
इनकी समझ strong होने से Error Detection और Sentence Improvement आसान हो जाता है।
Total 8 Parts of Speech:
- Noun
- Pronoun
- Adjective
- Verb
- Adverb
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Interjection
🟩 3. Noun (संज्ञा)
🔹 Definition
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, idea or feeling.
(व्यक्ति, स्थान, वस्तु, भावना को व्यक्त करने वाले शब्द)
🔹 Types of Nouns (Exam में Direct Q आते हैं)
- Proper Noun – किसी विशेष का नाम
➤ Examples: India, Ravi, Delhi, Taj Mahal
(Proper noun का plural नहीं होता)
- Common Noun – सामान्य नाम
➤ Examples: boy, girl, city, monument
- Collective Noun – समूह का नाम
➤ Examples: team, army, bunch, crowd
✔ Exam Trick: Collective noun singular माना जाता है
The team is playing well.
- Abstract Noun – भावना / गुण / अवस्था
➤ Examples: honesty, beauty, childhood, bravery
✔ इन्हें छू नहीं सकते, देख नहीं सकते।
- Material Noun – द्रव्य/पदार्थ
➤ Examples: gold, silver, water, wood
✔ इनका plural नहीं होता।
❌ golds ✔ gold
🌟 Exam Tips (Noun)
✔ Proper noun पहले letter से capital होता है।
✔ Collective noun + singular verb.
✔ Material noun countable नहीं होते।
✔ Abstract noun sense + feelings show करता है।
🟩 4. Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
🔹 Definition
Pronoun replaces a noun to avoid repetition.
(बार-बार noun न दोहराने के लिए pronoun प्रयोग होता है।)
🔹 Types of Pronoun (Must for EMRS)
- Personal Pronoun
I, we, you, he, she, they, it
- Reflexive Pronoun
myself, yourself, himself, herself
✔ जब verb का action वापस subject पर आए
Example:
He hurt himself.
- Demonstrative Pronoun
this, that, these, those
(इशारा करने वाले शब्द)
- Interrogative Pronoun
who, whom, which, what
- Possessive Pronoun
mine, yours, his, theirs
- Relative Pronoun
who, whom, which, that
✔ दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने का कार्य करते हैं।
- Indefinite Pronoun
someone, anyone, each, every, none
✔ Exam Trick:
Each, every, everyone → singular verb
Example:
Each of the boys is ready.
🌟 Exam Tips (Pronoun)
✔ “Each, either, neither” हमेशा singular verb लेते हैं।
✔ “Everyone / somebody” भी singular verb लेते हैं।
✔ Reflexive pronoun का प्रयोग वही करता है जो subject हो।
❌ He myself did it.
✔ He himself did it.
🟩 5. Adjective (विशेषण)
🔹 Definition
An adjective qualifies a noun or pronoun.
(किसी noun / pronoun की quality, quantity या number बताता है।)
🔹 Types of Adjectives (Exam Favorite)
- Adjective of Quality (कैसा?)
beautiful, honest, tall
- Adjective of Quantity (कितना?)
much, little, some
✔ uncountable nouns के साथ
- Adjective of Number (कितने?)
one, two, many, several
✔ countable nouns के साथ
- Demonstrative Adjective
this, that, these, those
- Interrogative Adjective
which boy? whose book?
- Possessive Adjective
my, your, his, her
🔹 Degree of Adjectives
(Positive → Comparative → Superlative)
|
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
|
tall
|
taller
|
tallest
|
|
big
|
bigger
|
biggest
|
|
beautiful
|
more beautiful
|
most beautiful
|
Rules:
✔ जिन adjectives का length बड़ा हो → more/most
✔ one-syllable words में –er / –est जोड़ते हैं
✔ big → bigger (doubling rule)
🌟 Exam Tips (Adjective)
✔ “Very” → positive degree
✔ “Much” → comparative degree
✔ Double comparative गलत
❌ more better
✔ better
🟦 EMRS GENERAL ENGLISH NOTES – PART 2
(Verb • Tense • SVA • Voice • Detailed + Hindi Explanation)
🟩 1. Verb (क्रिया)
🔹 What is a Verb?
A verb is a word that expresses action or state.
(जो किसी कार्य या अवस्था को बताता है)
Examples: go, write, eat, is, am, are
🔵 Types of Verbs (Exam-Oriented)
1. Main Verb / Principal Verb
काम बताने वाली क्रिया
➡ sing, play, run, read
2. Auxiliary (Helping) Verb
Main verb को समय/अवस्था बताने में मदद करता है
➡ is, am, are, was, were, has, have, shall, will, can, may
3. Transitive Verb
जिसके बाद object आता है
➡ He wrote a letter.
4. Intransitive Verb
जिसके बाद object नहीं आता
➡ He laughed.
5. Regular Verb
Past tense “–ed” से बनता है
➡ play → played
6. Irregular Verb
Past tense बदल कर बनता है
➡ go → went
➡ eat → ate
7. Finite Verb
Subject और tense के अनुसार बदलता है
➡ He goes, They go
8. Non-Finite Verb
(Change नहीं होता)
- Infinitive: to + verb (to eat)
- Gerund: verb + ing (Swimming is fun)
- Participle: ing/ed forms (broken, eating)
🟦 2. TENSE (सबसे महत्वपूर्ण Chapter)
Tense = Time + Action
Exam में errors और fill-in-the-blanks tense से ही आते हैं।
🟨 Tense Chart (Full Summary)
🔵 A. PRESENT TENSE
1. Simple Present
Habit, Universal truth
➡ He plays cricket.
➡ The Sun rises in the east.
Rule:
He/She/It + Verb (s/es)
2. Present Continuous
Is/am/are + verb + ing
➡ He is reading.
Use:
- Action happening now
- Near future plan
3. Present Perfect
Has/have + V3
➡ I have finished my work.
Use:
- Just completed action
- Experience
➡ I have visited Delhi.
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Has/have been + ing
➡ He has been studying for 2 hours.
Use:
- Action started in past and continuing in present
🔵 B. PAST TENSE
1. Simple Past
V2 form
➡ He went to school.
Use:
- Completed action in past
- Past habits
2. Past Continuous
Was/were + ing
➡ He was singing.
3. Past Perfect
Had + V3
➡ He had completed the task before you came.
Use:
- Two past actions → पहले वाला Past Perfect
4. Past Perfect Continuous
Had been + ing
➡ He had been working for 3 hours.
🔵 C. FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Future
Shall/will + V1
2. Future Continuous
Will be + ing
3. Future Perfect
Will have + V3
4. Future Perfect Continuous
Will have been + ing
🟩 3. SUBJECT–VERB AGREEMENT (SVA)
Exam में 4–5 questions directly यहीं से आते हैं।
✔ Rule–1: Singular subject → singular verb
➡ He plays.
➡ The boy runs.
✔ Rule–2: Plural subject → plural verb
➡ They play.
➡ The boys run.
✔ Rule–3: “Each, Every, Everyone” always singular
➡ Each boy is ready.
➡ Everyone has a pen.
✔ Rule–4: “Either/Neither” → singular
➡ Neither of the students is present.
✔ Rule–5: “And” makes plural
➡ Riya and Siya are friends.
✔ Rule–6: “Or / Nor” → verb near subject के अनुसार
➡ Either he or his friends are coming.
➡ Either his friends or he is coming.
✔ Rule–7: Collective noun → singular
➡ The team is playing.
✔ Rule–8: Uncountable noun → singular
➡ Water is essential.
➡ Furniture is costly.
🟩 4. VOICE (Active–Passive Voice)
Voice tells whether subject performs or receives the action.
🔵 1. Active Voice
Subject performs the action
➡ He wrote a letter.
🔵 2. Passive Voice
Action received by subject
➡ A letter was written by him.
🟦 VOICE RULES SUMMARY
✔ Rule–1: Object becomes Subject
➡ He helps me.
➡ I am helped by him.
✔ Rule–2: Verb change according to tense
- Present Simple → am/is/are + V3
- Past Simple → was/were + V3
- Present Perfect → has/have been + V3
- Future → will be + V3
- Modal → can/may/must be + V3
✔ Rule–3: “By” + doer
(Applied only when needed)
✔ Rule–4: Continuous Tense Passive
is/am/are + being
was/were + being
Examples:
➡ He is eating food.
➡ Food is being eaten by him.
➡ She was writing a letter.
➡ A letter was being written by her.
🟦 EXAM SPECIAL CONVERSION EXAMPLES
🔹 Present Simple
➡ She sings a song.
➡ A song is sung by her.
🔹 Past Simple
➡ They built a house.
➡ A house was built by them.
🔹 Present Perfect
➡ He has completed the work.
➡ The work has been completed by him.
🔹 Future
➡ He will help you.
➡ You will be helped by him.
🟩 1. Vocabulary (शब्दावली)
Vocabulary EMRS में 20–25% weight रखती है। इसमें synonyms, antonyms, one-word substitution, idioms, phrasal verbs, spelling error आदि आते हैं।
1.1 Synonyms (समानार्थक शब्द)
Word → Similar meaning word
Example format asked in exam:
✔ Examples:
|
Word
|
Meaning
|
Synonym
|
|
Abandon
|
छोड़ देना
|
desert, forsake
|
|
Candid
|
साफ-सुथरा / स्पष्ट
|
frank, honest
|
|
Furious
|
बहुत क्रोधित
|
angry, enraged
|
|
Liberty
|
स्वतंत्रता
|
freedom
|
|
Obvious
|
स्पष्ट
|
clear, evident
|
▶ Exam Tip: synonym ka exact match नहीं, closest meaning चुनना होता है।
1.2 Antonyms (विलोम शब्द)
Word → opposite meaning
|
Word
|
Meaning
|
Antonym
|
|
Ancient
|
प्राचीन
|
modern
|
|
Genuine
|
असली
|
fake
|
|
Hazard
|
खतरा
|
safety
|
|
Prosperity
|
समृद्धि
|
poverty
|
|
Rare
|
दुर्लभ
|
common
|
1.3 One Word Substitution (एक शब्द में परिवर्तन)
Ek puri line ko ek shabd me bolna।
|
Sentence
|
One Word
|
|
One who knows everything
|
Omniscient
|
|
A life history written by oneself
|
Autobiography
|
|
A place where books are kept
|
Library
|
|
A person who loves mankind
|
Philanthropist
|
|
A person who does not believe in God
|
Atheist
|
1.4 Idioms & Phrases (मुहावरे)
English idioms का मतलब direct नहीं, contextual होता है।
|
Idiom
|
Meaning (Hindi)
|
|
Hit the nail on the head
|
बिल्कुल सही बात कहना
|
|
A blessing in disguise
|
छुपा हुआ लाभ
|
|
Once in a blue moon
|
बहुत कम
|
|
Break the ice
|
शुरुआत करना
|
|
Call a spade a spade
|
सच को सच कहना
|
1.5 Phrasal Verbs (Verb + Preposition)
|
Phrasal Verb
|
Meaning (Hindi)
|
|
Break down
|
खराब होना / रोना
|
|
Carry on
|
जारी रखना
|
|
Come across
|
मिल जाना
|
|
Look after
|
देखभाल करना
|
|
Give up
|
छोड़ देना
|
⭐ EMRS General English – PART 3 (MOST IMPORTANT)
Topics Covered in Part-3:
✔ Comprehension (Reading Passage)
✔ Cloze Test
✔ Parajumble (Sentence Rearrangement)
✔ Error Detection – Part 2
✔ Sentence Improvement
✔ Fill in the Blanks (Grammar + Vocab Based)
✔ Editing & Omission
✔ Common Confusing Words
✔ Homophones
✔ Miscellaneous High-Value Notes
🟩 1. Reading Comprehension (RC)
EMRS में RC में 5–7 questions आते हैं।
Passage सामान्यतः education, environment, social issues, technology पर आधारित होते हैं।
✔ How to Solve RC – Strategy (Hindi Explanation)
- पहले प्रश्न पढ़ें, फिर passage पढ़ें
- Vocabulary के difficult words को अनुमान (context) से समझें
- Answer हमेशा passage की line से support होना चाहिए
- अपनी knowledge कभी ना जोड़ें
- Author का tone समझें – positive, negative, neutral?
✔ Common Question Types:
- मुख्य विचार (Main idea)
- शब्दार्थ (Word meaning)
- संदर्भ में अर्थ (Contextual meaning)
- सही/गलत कथन
- निष्कर्ष (Inference)
🟩 2. Cloze Test (Fill paragraph)
A paragraph with missing words (10 blanks).
✔ Strategy:
- पूरा passage skim करें — theme समझें
- Grammar + Vocabulary दोनों लागू होते हैं
- Pronoun, preposition, articles → आसान blanks
- Verb tense पूरे paragraph में एक जैसा रहता है
Example Pattern (Short):
He ____ (1) very hard but could not ____ (2) the exam.
- (a) study (b) studies (c) studied (d) studying
- (a) pass (b) passed (c) passing (d) passes
✔ Answers → (1) studied, (2) pass
🟩 3. Parajumbles (Sentence Rearrangement)
5–6 sentences को सही क्रम में लगाना होता है।
✔ Strategy:
✔ Identify opening sentence
✔ Find pronoun links
✔ Identify chronology (पहले–बाद में)
✔ Time words → then, later, finally
✔ Cause → effect
Sentence Indicators
- This / That / These / Those कभी पहले वाक्य में नहीं आते
- A/an वाला sentence अक्सर शुरुआत हो सकता है
- Therefore, Hence conclusion बताते हैं → आखिरी में आता है
🟩 4. Error Detection – Part 2
(Part-1 में basics थे; अब advanced rules)
✔ Important Grammar Rules (Exam Special)
Rule 1: No sooner…than
❌ No sooner he reached than he fell.
✔ No sooner did he reach than he fell.
Rule 2: Hardly / Scarcely…when
✔ Hardly had he reached home when it started raining.
Rule 3: “Not only… but also” – Same part of speech
❌ He not only lost his money but also his friends.
✔ He lost not only his money but also his friends.
Rule 4: Neither…nor → singular verb if subjects are singular
✔ Neither Ram nor Shyam is coming.
Rule 5: Each/every → singular verb
✔ Every student has submitted homework.
🟩 5. Sentence Improvement
Asked in EMRS:
“Find the correct/improved form of the underlined part.”
Examples:
❌ He do not know the answer.
✔ He does not know the answer.
❌ She is senior than me.
✔ She is senior to me.
❌ He is married with a doctor.
✔ He is married to a doctor.
🟩 6. Fill in the Blanks (Most Asked Type)
Two types:
(A) Grammar based
✔ He is good ___ English. → at
✔ I prefer tea ___ coffee. → to
(B) Vocabulary based
✔ The story is quite interesting.
✔ He did the work with great enthusiasm.
🟩 7. Editing & Omission
Editing Example:
Incorrect: Riya go to market yesterday.
Correct: Riya went to market yesterday.
Omission Example:
Sentence: He going to school daily.
Missing word: is
Correct: He is going to school daily.
🟩 8. Common Confusing Words
बहुत बार exam में पूछे जाते हैं।
|
Word
|
Meaning
|
Confused With
|
|
Accept
|
स्वीकार करना
|
Except
|
|
Affect
|
प्रभावित करना
|
Effect
|
|
Lose
|
खो देना
|
Loose
|
|
Stationary
|
स्थिर
|
Stationery (writing material)
|
|
Advice
|
सलाह (noun)
|
Advise (verb)
|
🟩 9. Homophones (Same sound, different meaning)
|
Word
|
Meaning
|
|
Hear
|
सुनना
|
|
Here
|
यहाँ
|
|
Right
|
सही / दाहिना
|
|
Write
|
लिखना
|
|
Peace
|
शांति
|
|
Piece
|
टुकड़ा
|
🟩 10. Miscellaneous High-Value Notes (आखिरी समय के लिए)
✔ Use of “Among / Between”
- Between – दो चीजों में
- Among – तीन या अधिक में
✔ Use of “Much / Many”
- Much → uncountable
- Many → countable
✔ Use of “Little / Few”
- Little → negative (कम)
- A little → some (थोड़ा)
- Few → negative (गिने-चुने)
- A few → some (कुछ)
✔ Use of “Since” vs “For”
- Since → point of time (2005, Monday)
- For → period of time (2 hours)
🔵 PART-3 COMPLETE
(Part-1: Vocabulary + Basic Grammar)
(Part-2: Tenses, Voice, Narration etc.)
(Part-3: Comprehension to Homophones)
👉 अगला होगा Part-4 = Practice Sets + MCQ + Answers + Exam Strategy
ENGLISH – PART 4 (FINAL + MOST IMPORTANT)
🟦 SECTION–A: VOCABULARY MCQs
1. Choose the synonym of ‘Eminent’:
a) Ordinary
b) Famous
c) Lazy
d) Hidden
✔ Answer: (b) Famous
➡ Eminent = प्रसिद्ध / well-known
2. Antonym of ‘Scarcity’:
a) Plenty
b) Rare
c) Shortage
d) None
✔ Answer: (a) Plenty
➡ Scarcity = कमी; Plenty = प्रचुरता
3. One-word for “A person who writes poems”:
a) Poet
b) Writer
c) Novelist
d) Editor
✔ Answer: (a) Poet
4. Idiom: “A piece of cake” means—
a) Very hard
b) Very easy
c) Delicious
d) Strange
✔ Answer: (b) Very easy
5. Choose the correct spelling:
a) Comitte
b) Committe
c) Committee
d) Commitee
✔ Answer: (c) Committee
🟦 SECTION–B: GRAMMAR MCQs
6. He ____ playing since morning.
a) is
b) was
c) has been
d) have been
✔ Answer: (c) has been
➡ Present perfect continuous → has been + V1+ing
7. The boy ____ to school every day.
a) go
b) goes
c) going
d) gone
✔ Answer: (b) goes
➡ Singular subject → singular verb (s/es)
8. Neither of the answers ____ correct.
a) are
b) were
c) is
d) be
✔ Answer: (c) is
➡ ‘Neither’ always takes singular verb.
9. The movie was interesting, ____?
a) isn’t it
b) wasn’t it
c) is it
d) was it
✔ Answer: (b) wasn’t it
➡ Positive statement → negative question tag.
10. Choose the correct article: He is ___ honest man.
a) a
b) an
c) the
d) no article
✔ Answer: (b) an
➡ ‘H’ is silent → vowel sound → an
🟦 SECTION–C: CLOZE TEST (5 MCQs)
Passage:
Riya is a brilliant student. She always ____ (11) her homework on time. She also ____ (12) part in sports. Her teachers ____ (13) her very much. She wants to ____ (14) a doctor in future and ____ (15) society.
11.
a) do
b) does
c) did
d) doing
✔ Answer: (b) does
12.
a) take
b) takes
c) taking
d) taken
✔ Answer: (b) takes
13.
a) like
b) likes
c) liked
d) liking
✔ Answer: (a) like
14.
a) became
b) becoming
c) become
d) becomes
✔ Answer: (c) become
15.
a) serve
b) serving
c) serves
d) served
✔ Answer: (a) serve
🟦 SECTION–D: PARAJUMBLE (Rearrangement)
Sentences:
P. She completed her studies in Delhi.
Q. Riya is a talented girl.
R. Now she works as a teacher.
S. She belongs to Lucknow.
Correct order?
a) Q S P R
b) S Q P R
c) Q P S R
d) Q R P S
✔ Answer: (a) Q S P R
📝 Intro: Riya → (Q)
Origin: belongs → (S)
Education: (P)
Current status: (R)
🟦 SECTION–E: ERROR DETECTION
16. Either Ram or his friends is guilty.
a) Either
b) Ram
c) friends
d) is
✔ Answer: (d) is
➡ Friends (plural nearest subject) → plural verb: are
Correct: Either Ram or his friends are guilty.
17. She is senior than me.
✔ Correct: She is senior to me.
🟦 SECTION–F: SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT
18. He did not knew the answer.
✔ Correct: He did not know the answer.
19. She is good in dancing.
✔ Correct: She is good at dancing.
🟦 SECTION–G: HOMOPHONES
20. Choose the correct pair:
a) Piece – Peace
b) Hear – Hair
c) Suite – Sweet (wrong usage)
✔ Answer: (a) Piece – Peace
🟦 SECTION–H: READING COMPREHENSION (5 MCQs)
Passage (Short):
Education helps us grow mentally and socially. It develops confidence and improves decision-making skills. A well-educated person contributes positively to society.
21. Main idea of the passage is—
a) Society
b) Confidence
c) Importance of education
d) Decision making
✔ Answer: (c)
22. Education improves—
a) Anger
b) Decision-making
c) Farming
d) None
✔ Answer: (b)
23. A well-educated person—
a) harms society
b) avoids society
c) positively contributes
d) none
✔ Answer: (c)
24. Word meaning of “contributes”:
a) Adds/helps
b) Removes
c) Ignores
d) Stops
✔ Answer: (a)
25. Author’s tone is—
a) Negative
b) Positive
c) Angry
d) Confused
✔ Answer: (b) Positive
🟪 SECTION–I: HIGH-LEVEL MCQs (EMRS Most Expected)
26. Choose the correct preposition: He is afraid ___ dogs.
a) from
b) of
c) with
d) by
✔ Answer: (b) of
27. Choose the correct indirect narration:
Direct: She said, “I am tired.”
✔ Indirect: She said that she was tired.
28. Passive voice: They will help you.
✔ You will be helped by them.
29. Modal usage: You ___ obey the rules.
a) may
b) should
c) can
d) might
✔ Answer: (b) should
30. Correct order (adjective placement):
a) Red big beautiful car
b) Beautiful red big car
c) Big red beautiful car
d) Beautiful big red car
✔ Answer: (d)
➡ Rule: Opinion → Size → Color → Noun
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